[bluGill]

That isn't the logical conclusion though. I specificly said find places where change would be too complex to attempt anyway which breaks your conclusion. This lets you find plenty of places to jump in and write a test. (You will still be wrong but less often and generally you know it will be a hard change before you start making it)

though I find in practice end to end tests are not that fragile. It took us a decade of effort to find and mitigate all the little issues that make them fragile though so perhaps you don't want to go that far. I wish I could make the end to end tests faster though, but fragile they are not.

[necovek]

I am a bit perplexed at your claim that end-to-end tests are not fragile in general (my claim) with a counter how you spent a decade on not making them fragile in one particular case?

I am not disagreeing most projects evolve test suites which have duplicated, useless tests as a majority. But it can be done better.

[bluGill]

I have also spent a decade on some tiny unit tests that were fragile.