[zadikian]

The Swift way is safer, but I don't like it much either. The ? explicitly says you want to ignore null, so that's fine. The problem is there's no convenient way to throw exception if null, so you're encouraged to overuse ?, as I think you alluded to. (! will crash the entire program instead.) Swift error handling is overall pretty complex too.

Ironically the JS or Py error handling is actually the safest for high-level code. Exceptions are easy to work with and hard to ignore by accident. Very few ways to crash entirely. And Rust's errors are good for systems code.