[Tharre]

> * Chip design pays better than software in many cases and many places (US and UK included;

Where are these companies? All you ever hear from the hardware side of things are that the tools suck, everyone makes you sign NDAs for everything and that the pay is around 30% less. You can come up with counterexamples like Nvidia I suppose, but that's a bit like saying just work for a startup that becomes a billion dollar unicorn.

If these well paying jobs truly exist (which I'm going to be honest I doubt quite a bit) the companies offering them seem to be doing a horrendous job advertising that fact.

The same seems to apply to software jobs in the embedded world as well, which seem to be consistently paid less then web developers despite arguably having a more difficult job.

[BitsAndObjects]

Oh by the way, I agree, NDAs all the time, and many of the tools are super user-unfriendly. There's quite a bit of money being made in developing better tools.

As for a list of companies, in the UK or with a UK presence, the following come to mind: Graphcore, Fractile, Olix, Axelera, Codasip, Secqai, PQShield, Vaire, SCI Semiconductor and probably also look at Imagination Tech, AMD and Arm. There are many other companies of different sizes in the UK, these are just the ones that popped into my head in the moment tonight.

[Please note: I am not commenting on actual salaries paid by any of these companies, but if you went looking, I think you'd find roles that offer competitive compensation. My other comments mentioning salaries are based on salary guides I read at the end of last year, as well as my own experience paying people in my previous hardware startup up to May 2025 (VyperCore).]

[BitsAndObjects]

Depends if you're looking at startups/scaleups or the big companies. Arm, Imagination Tech, etc. for a very long time did not pay anything like as well (even if you were doing software work for them). That's shifted a lot in the UK in recent years (can't speak for the rest of the world). Even so, I hear Intel and AMD still pay lower base salary than you might get at a rival startup.

As for startups/scaleups, I can testify from experience that you'll get the following kind of base salaries in the UK outside of hardware-for-finance companies (not including options/benefits/etc.). Note that my experience is around CPU, GPU, AI accelerators, etc. - novel stuff, not just incrementing the version number of a microcontroller design:

* Graduate modelling engineer (software): £50k - £55k * Graduate hardware design engineer: £45k - £55k

* Junior software engineer: £60k - £70k * Junior hardware engineer: £60k - £70k

* Senior/lead software engineer (generalist; 3+ yoe): £75k - £90k * Senior compiler engineer (3+ yoe): £100k - £120k * Senior/lead hardware design engineer: £90k - £110k * Senior/lead hardware verification engineer: £100k - £115k

* Staff engineering salaries (software, hardware, computer architecture): £100k - £130k and beyond * Principal, director, VP, etc. engeering salaries: £130k+ (and £200k to £250k not unreasonable expectation for people with 10+ years experience).

If you happen to be in physical design with experience on a cutting edge node: £250k - £350k (except at very early stage ventures)

Can you find software roles that pay more? Sure, of course you can. AI and Data Science roles can sometimes pay incredible salaries. But are there that many of those kinds of roles? I don't know - I think demand in hardware design outstrips availability in top-end AI roles, but maybe I'm wrong.

From personal experience, I've been paid double-digits percentage more being a computer architect in hardware startups than I have in senior software engineering roles in (complex) SaaS startups (across virtual conferencing, carbon accounting, and autonomous vehicle simulations). That's very much a personal journey and experience, so I appreciate it's not a reflection of the general market (unlike the figures I quoted above) so of course others will have found the opposite.

To get a sense of the UK markets for a wide range of roles across sectors and company sizes, I recommend looking at salary guides from the likes of: * IC Resources * SoCode * Microtech * Client-Server

[mobiuscog]

> Senior/lead software engineer (generalist; 3+ yoe): £75k - £90k

For London. Maybe higher for Remote US.

For the rest of the country, it's a fair amount lower, typically around the £60k region.

[BitsAndObjects]

I was quoting salaries for people in Bristol and Cambridge ;)

[evereverever]

It feels like software jobs will be moving more to Europe generally.

It is just the work ethic divide that is at issue. The staying power of San Francisco is that people may have been willing to work long hours for stock, but not even stock isn't worth enough these days.