It was only one example they gave, and they accept multiple different types of ID; a driver's license or national ID card being other likely ones, and DLs do say where you live.
Not updating your DL after changing your address is a crime* in all US states. I'm not as familiar with law elsewhere, but would be surprised if that's not true most other places.
*There are exceptions for active duty military personal and other limited exceptions.
It is a law but rarely enforced, also some places like Washington are primarily digital meaning you update your DL address online but they don’t print a new ID unless you request it or your DL is expired
Unless you’re wild camping, campsites have addresses. So do marinas where a ship would need to be docked more or less regularly to establish residency.
As for being a nomad, you don’t need a driver’s license or any kind of ID to wander if you’re willing to sleep rough. If you want to drive on public roadways though, you better have a primary address where the courts can send someone if you kill someone in a traffic accident and bail.
Docking is expensive, so no. It's also only needed once per 5 years or so for maintenance.
Government fining you a ticket doesn't mean your address has to be on the drivers license. They could register the number plate to an SSN for instance.