[lukan]

To me the difference is, there seems to have been way more freedom of thought in the pre christian societies. Polytheism is (usually) more open to new ideas than religios dogma of one god. This is for me what dark times means, and the age of enlightenment when it was possible again to dare to think in new directions and not be afraid of the inquisition anymore.

How to do real research, when you have to align every insight with some old book or face the stake? Only very restricted, in secrecy and not in open exchange.

So also in non christian societies people were killed for having the wrong ideas, but comparing greece or early rome with the christian empires, it seems obvious to me why progress was slowed down for so long.

[mikkupikku]

Consider why the Roman public, commoners in particular but not exclusively, were so ready to abandon the religious beliefs of their forefathers and throw it all away, even defacing the old temples, to adopt some jewish desert hippie's promise of simple salvation. Perhaps you'd like to think this conversion of Rome was all by the sword, but in reality the early christian converts chose despite very credible threats of state violence, and the state itself only converted when the critical mass of common christians could no longer be denied or ignored.

Rome's culture and traditional was fundamentally broken; it no longer served the needs of the Roman people, and if Christianity hadn't popped up, it would have been some other system of reform instead. The status quo was unstable, rapidly deteriorating. You may idealize the religious tolerance of their polytheism, but what that matter if it isn't actually serving the spiritual needs of the people?

[lukan]

" You may idealize the religious tolerance of their polytheism, but what that matter if it isn't actually serving the spiritual needs of the people?"

Rome in the end was a decadent, but brutal empire full of slaves. And to a slave christian salvation sounds great.

But before there was a empire with emperors taking up the idea of becoming gods themself, there was a republic. And also after it became an empire, they did not have a institution like the inquisition shaping thought and banning heresy baked into their system.

This is the fundamental difference that I see.

In medieval times being expelled from the church was pretty much a death sentence. In roman and greek times for most of its existence not really.

[mikkupikku]

The demise of the Roman Republic was an inevitability. It could have been Sulla rather than Caesar, and if not Caesar it could have been another, but one way or the other the situation was fundamentally unstable and the public was deeply discontent. Would be reformers like the Gracchi were finding enormous popular traction only to get assassinated.

Also, the Roman Republic were prolific slavers too. I say this because you speak of the Empire and slavery but then go into a "But the Republic.." This isn't Star Wars, you can't divide it into good guys and bad guys, the Republic and Empire were both imperial sons of bitches who conquered territory and took civilians as slaves. The demand for reform that would eventually motivate mass conversions to Christianity was already well established before Caesar was even born.

[lukan]

"Also, the Roman Republic were prolific slavers too. I say this because you speak of the Empire and slavery but then go into a "But the Republic..""

My point here was about freedom of thought. And that seems to have been way more valued in the republic, than in the empire. (In general, good and bad are relative terms to me)

"The demand for reform that would eventually motivate mass conversions to Christianity was already well established before Caesar was even born."

And maybe so. But christianity in general was not really about freeing slaves, either.

[svieira]

> To me the difference is, there seems to have been way more freedom of thought in the pre christian societies.

I see you're one of today's lucky 10,000! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution#Great...

[lukan]

Since I wrote that

"So also in non christian societies people were killed for having the wrong ideas, but comparing greece or early rome with the christian empires"

Why do you think you told me something new?

[zozbot234]

Early Rome also had plenty of religious persecution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senatus_consultum_de_Bacchanal...

[lukan]

I did not know about that one, but a short read implies that there were not plenty of example like that.

"nothing comparable in religious history before the persecutions of Christians"

[wqaatwt]

> why progress was slowed down for so long.

I’m not sure there necessarily was that much progress before that, though? With some exceptions ancient societies were highly stagnant especially technologically in contrast to high-late medieval Europe.

Also plague, climate change and demographic collapse kind of directly kickstarted the dark ages.

[lukan]

High late medieval times, was when the inquisition lost power.

And in ancient greece there were already concepts of a steam engine. I call that signs of progress not happening for a long time after that.

[wqaatwt]

High middle ages is 1000-1300 AD. Organized inquisition wasn’t even a thing until the second half of that period.

> already concepts of a steam engine

And it remained a concept (or was forgotten entirely for hundreds of years). So it hardly means much..

[legitster]

> Polytheism is (usually) more open to new ideas than religios dogma of one god.

This is a modern view with hindsight bias. In the ancient world, the existence of many gods did not imply peaceful co-existance, but very heated rivalry and politics.

Ironically pagan authors of late antiquity were the "conservatives" in our modern sense. Pagan literally means "farmer" - it might have similar implications to how we would call someone a "redneck" today. At the time, they were opposed to foreign gods and new influences on their traditional and respectable Pantheon.

[RobotToaster]

If anything Rome was a little too open to foreign dieties. Titus performed the right of Evocatio at the siege of Jerusalem, a custom where the god(s) of their foes were enticed to abandon their current patrons in return for a home and worship on Rome.

[something765478]

Eh, even those polytheistic societies had their own inquisitions. Socrates was executed for defying the gods, and lots of Christians and Jews were persecuted because they refused to accept that the emperor was a god.

[mikkupikku]

Socrates was charged with corrupting the youth. That charge is almost never given context when it comes up in modern classrooms, so read this:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Tyrants