Sometimes things that look very different actually are represented with similar vectors in latent space.
When that happens to us it "feels like" intuition; something you can't really put a finger on and might require work to put into a form that can be transferred to another human that has a different mental model
Yes, that also happens, for example when someone first said natural disasters are not triggered by offending gods. It is all about making explanations as simple as possible but no simpler.
The hallmark of intelligence in this scenario is not just being able to make the connections, but being able to pick the right ones.