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by lux-lux-lux 141 days ago
Penguins live in large colonies and, as a result, generally do not have issues with inbreeding.
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https://www.penguinsinternational.org/turns-out-that-not-all...

> The researchers found that the differences between species could be determined by the habitat where a species was found. For example, Emperor penguins occupy the Antarctic continent, breeding mostly on sea ice. Even though they have colonies clustered by geographic regions, the researchers found that juveniles of Emperor Penguins can travel long distances between colonies facilitating “gene flow.”