The way that Oban for Elixir and GoodJob for Ruby leverage PostgreSQL allows for very high throughput. It's not something that easily ports to other DBs.
A combination of LISTEN/NOTIFY for instantaneous reactivity, letting you get away with just periodic polling, and FOR UPDATE...SKIP LOCKED making it efficient and safe for parallel workers to grab tasks without co-ordination. It's actually covered in the article near the bottom there.