They get results from another provider who has authorized access. Google doesn't provide search results to unauthorized requests as many on tor have experienced.
No. They pay SerpApi to scrape Google. And SerpApi is currently being sued by Google for unauthorized scraping.
Kagi did make comments for years implying that they had a deal with Google for search results, but their latest blog post makes it clear that is not true and was never true.
Kagi did make comments for years implying that they had a deal with Google for search results, but their latest blog post makes it clear that is not true and was never true.