[michaelt]

> The “read the data out with a super expensive microscope” remained. Is there any way to defeat that attack I wonder?

Get your chip made with the latest TSMC process and get features so small nobody else, even superpowers and trillion-dollar tech companies working together, can manipulate them :)

[shash]

A good scanning electron microscope costs at most a few million? And is pretty common in a decently funded lab pretty much anywhere? Resolutions of 5nm is not uncommon. A scanning tunnelling microscope can go much lower (single atom types) and isn’t all that much more expensive either (comparatively I mean).

I think it’s common knowledge by now that the smallest feature in a 5nm chip isn’t really 5nm. So that’s not (yet?) a viable strategy.

[rcxdude]

Manipulating features smaller than what TSMC manufacture is possible in many places (just at great expense), TSMC's special sauce is being able to manufacture it in quantity and economically. Ultimately it's always going to be difficult to completely protect storage at rest, because it is possible to take something apart atom by atom, but it does raise the cost of the attack substantially.