[stefanfisk]

AFAIK we do all of that in Sweden. The 12k I mentioned above is if a large air to water pump suitable for the northernmost of Sweden. It includes a water heater and direct electric heating element for when temperature go below -15.

And why do subsidies INCREASE the price in Germany compared to Sweden?

[sokoloff]

In the US, the subsidy is paid only when the heat pump is installed by a certified contractor. Unshockingly, the certified contractors are able to capture the vast majority of the subsidy as additional profit.