[zerof1l]

I wonder how much variation there is between a person who does certain mental activity regularly vs a person who rarely does it.

If they were to measure a person who performs mental arithmetic on a daily basis, I'd expect his brain activity and oxygen consumption to be lower than those of a person who never does it. How much difference would that make?

[cj]

I did a fMRI study as a volunteer in college.

It involved going to the lab and practicing the thing (a puzzle / maze) I would be shown during the actual MRI. I think I went in to “practice” a couple times before showing up and doing it in the machine.

IIRC the purpose of practicing was exactly that, to avoid me trying ti learn something during the scan (since that wasn’t the intention of the study).

In other words, I think you can control for that variable.

(Side note: I absolutely fell asleep during half the scan. Oops! I felt bad, but I guess that’s a risk when you recruit sleep deprived college kids!)

[subroutine]

I worked in an fMRI lab briefly as a grad student. I suspect you'd be correct but perhaps not exactly why you'd expect. Studies using fMRI measure a blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain. This is thought to be an indirect measure of neural activity because a local increase in neural firing rate produces a local increase in the need for, and delivery of, oxygenated blood.

The question then is, do you expect a person who is really good at mental arithmetic to have less neural firing on arithmetic tasks (e.g., what is 147 x 38) than the average joe. I would hypothesize yes overall to solve each question; however, I'd also hypothesize the momentary max intensity of the expert to peak higher. Think of a bodybuilder vs. a SWE bench-pressing 100 lbs for 50 reps. The bodybuilder has way more muscle to devote to a single rep, and will likely finish the set in 20 seconds, while the SWE is going to take like 30 minutes ;)