[m4rtink]

I would phrase it differently - many European banks choose hard dependency on proprietary technology provided by two non-EU duopolists (Apple and Google) that don't answer to anyone.

And they usually don't provide a suitable alternative, as actually secure solution based on something like a yubikey.

[Aachen]

My banks have always provided hardware 2FA. I think it used to be free and was surprised that I had to pay for the latest one, but I've had the previous one since my parents paid for everything so idk if that was maybe always the case

I've always done banking from the browser since I got access to any banking at all (probably when I was 16, ~15 years ago). Not sure what I'm supposed to be missing out on with these apps that don't work on many user-controlled devices (be it Linux-based or rooted Android). Log in with chip+pin for my Dutch bank (primary account), and a perplexing combination of high-entropy username, password, 2 randomly asked digits of a 5-digit PIN, a color code that you scan with the hardware device which needs another 5-digit PIN, and then typing over the 8-digit confirmation code. German efficiency! But I barely use that account anyway