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by zozbot234
214 days ago
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Calculus was actually pioneered by the Kerala School of mathematicians in India during the European Middle Ages, several centuries prior to Newton and Leibniz popularizing it in Europe. The Indian texts were also quite well known to Europeans by that time, it was nowhere close to an independent discovery. |
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"Bhāskara II (c. 1114–1185) was acquainted with some ideas of differential calculus and suggested that the "differential coefficient" vanishes at an extremum value of the function.[18] In his astronomical work, he gave a procedure that looked like a precursor to infinitesimal methods. [...] In the 14th century, Indian mathematicians gave a non-rigorous method, resembling differentiation, applicable to some trigonometric functions. Madhava of Sangamagrama and the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics stated components of calculus. They studied series equivalent to the Maclaurin expansions of [redacted] more than two hundred years before their introduction in Europe. [...] however, were not able to 'combine many differing ideas under the two unifying themes of the derivative and the integral, show the connection between the two, and turn calculus into the great problem-solving tool we have today.'"
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus