[researcher-one]

The following comes from CHATgpt's search on the German Army's use of FHSS during the first world war:

Here is the closest verbatim passage I found from Jonathan Zenneck’s *Wireless Telegraphy (1915), in the chapter “Methods for Preserving Secrecy of Messages.” The wording is slightly abridged due to the scan quality: “Furthermore, the apparatus can be so arranged that the wave-length is easily and rapidly changed, and then the wave-length varied in accordance with a pre-arranged programme, perhaps automatically. This method was adopted by the Telefunken Co. at one time.”

Note that the book was published in 1915, when Hedy Lamarr was less than one year old.

Anyone interested in the topic might also look at the work of Dr. Tony Rothman on the same question of Hedy's supposed invention. Tony was the scientific advisor to the filming of the PBS special called "Bombshell." He is a man of considerable standing, accomplishments, and qualifications.

Regarding Hedy's patent -- as I said in my paper, note bene: the application of a known technique (FHSS) for its intended purpose (security) does not constitute an invention. Hedy'a attorney tried to convey this message to her in his correspondence, but the message never sunk in.