no one in their right mind wants to bundle Chromium with every app install, and every Discord user hates mobile Discord app, which is, guess what? uses Chromium!
For JS driving the business logic you do not need a browser to run it. On iOS there is JavaScriptCore and there are other Javascript runtimes out there that are quite small.
That said, it is true that Javascript may not be the right choice for every app and some developers may be used to better language features and performance than that.
It’s more complex now since they shipped the new renderer, but essentially serializes the react UI tree to JSON and passes it to native which parses and renders native components