I doubt that if the underlying parts changed, anyone outside the industry or enthusiasts would know what that is. How many people know what kind of engine is in their car? I stomp on the floor of my Corolla and away we go! Others might know that their Dodge Challenger has a Hemi. What even is that? Thankfully we have the Internet these days, and someone who's interested can just select the word and right click to Google for the Wikipedia article for it. AI is just such an entirely undefined term coloquially, that any attempts to define it will be wrong.
I think the difference now is that traditional software ultimately comes down to a long series of if/then statements (also the old AI's like Wolfram), whereas the new AI (mainly LLM's) have a fundamentally different approach.
Look into something like Prolog (~50 years old) to see how systems can be built from rules rather than it/else statements. It wasn't all imperative programming before LLMs.
If you mean that it all breaks down to if/else at some level then, yeah, but that goes for LLMs too. LLMs aren't the quantum leap people seem to think they are.
Yeah, the result is pretty cool. It's probably how it felt to eat pizza for the first time. People had been grinding grass seeds into flour, mixing with water and putting it on hot stones for millennia. Meanwhile others had been boiling fruits into pulp and figuring out how to make milk curdle in just the right way. Bring all of that together and, boom, you have the most popular food in the world.
We're still at the stage of eating pizza for the first time. It'll take a little while to remember that you can do other things with bread and wheat, or even other foods entirely.