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Check out Transputers, that were programmed via Occam. They do most of the stuff that the article desires. Though its hardware is restricted to a matrix orientation.

Another option is Erlang. On the top level it is organized with micro-services instead of functions.

None of them are system languages. The old hardware had weird data and memory formats. With C a lot of assembler could be avoided to program this hardware. It came as a default with Unix and some other operating systems. Fortran and Pascal were kind of similar.

The most used default languages on most systems were for interpreters. So you got LISP and BASIC. There is no fast hardware for that. To get stuff fast, one needed to program assembler, unless there was a C-compiler available.