[tailspin2019]

I don’t understand how correlation/causation errors are mitigated here…

Surely more than 99.6% of people “inhaled air” before a heart attack too.

I’m sure there must be more to it but the way this is reported doesn’t make sense at all.

Would have been useful to mention what % of people had one or more of these “red flags” and didn’t have a heart attack.

[dooglius]

You're talking about a base rate fallacy, which is a different thing than correlation/causation errors. (Both are potentially problems given the high-level description of the study, the full text of which is behind a paywall)