I've used VS Code on ChromeOS with the GPU acceleration flag for many, many years without any issues on a couple different devices (x64 and more recently, arm64). It can even hide the window chrome so looks 1:1 with VS Code on any other platform. And many other GUI Linux apps where the Android version feels too much like a toy in comparison, it's an incredibly versatile feature for dev work.
Sorry, but "CLI stuff" is not "as far as it goes" with desktop Linux apps on ChromeOS. ChromeOS provides Wayland and PulseAudio servers to the apps as well so GUI and audio works too. It even synchronises file associations and installs a ChromeOS-like GTK theme into the container. The Linux GUI apps I had installed back when I used it felt completely native.
It worked on my device. The page you linked looks very outdated and doesn't have my device's board or any device made in the past 5 years. The lists of unsupported devices also look pretty reasonable - old kernels, CPUs that don't support virtualisation and 32-bit ARM. Since modern ChromeOS uses the same virtualisation to run Android apps, I doubt there's a modern device where it doesn't work.