Yes, they did have the bug with the lock prefix. IOT people at Microsoft got NT booting on the Quark and we ran into that problem. I wound up writing a small tool to patch out all the lock prefixes.
I believe the F00F bug was patched out pretty quickly in the Pentium's B2 stepping. Nevertheless, some OSs still have mitigations if they detect an affected CPU (e.g. OpenBSD).
It wasn’t even discovered until 1997, so no that wasn’t exactly early in the Pentium lifecycle at all. There were multiple models and millions of devices affected.