[stared]

Being able to use a formula is the first, and necessary, step for understanding.

Then it is able to work at different levels of abstraction and being able to find analogies. But at this point, in my understanding, "understanding" is a never-ending well.

[MichaelRazum]

How about elliptic curve cryptography then? I just think coming with a formula is not really understanding. Actually most often the “real” formula is the end step of understanding through derivation. ML does it up side down in this regard