The post doesn't seem to elaborate on how Riot detects and bans people using that sort of cheat, but you can detect some % of those people by analyzing their inputs. Humans don't play the way an aimbot does.
The DMA cheaters are caught when riot gets access to the vendors firmware and ban the people that are using it, not by the cheats themselves. Colorbots run on the same PC so these can be caught in various ways.