[taeric]

Just searching "cost of owning a car in Amsterdam" says it is expensive, though? Now, it does cite parking costs as a major driver of that. Which, again, if you are willing to specifically make parking/driving expensive, I fully agree that city design can get fewer drivers.

This can be seen easily in NYC. The new congestion tolls on roads has shifted people from driving to transit. Not by any new physical design of the city, but by making it cost more to drive.

[queenkjuul]

NYC already had one of the lowest rates of car ownership in the country due to its physical design though.

[taeric]

Right, and this is largely my point. NYC has a physical design that is good for less driving. Even with that, they still see increased driving without a specific policy to make driving more expensive.

As noted in another thread, I do take it as a prerequisite that you have to have transit.