[Disparallel]

The help section article lists

# Data that isn’t protected by the VPN

Not all network data from your device is protected by the VPN. Examples of data that aren’t protected by the VPN include:

- Tethering traffic

  - This includes USB and Wi-Fi hotspot.

- Push notifications

- Wi-Fi calling and other IMS services

- Work profile app traffic

  - This applies if a work profile is configured on your device.

- Data traffic from an app that routes traffic directly over the Wi-Fi or a cellular connection

All of which make sense to me except push notifications. My guess is they might mean syncing notifications to e.g. a watch.

[chippiewill]

I think it might be because push notifications use long-lived connections that are already open when the VPN is turned on.

[red369]

I wonder why tethering traffic doesn't go through the VPN. I could be wrong, but I think it works the same way with iPhones.

I might test that later, but this (old) SE question seems to confirm my memory: https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/266871/is-there-a-...

[tucnak]

FWIW, all tethered traffic in GrapheneOS goes through a VPN.