AFAIK with the latest JIT in some contexts pure Ruby can be faster than using C libraries, just because the VM can be better optimized and there is no overhead in moving data between the two realms.
I don't recall exactly where I read it, but I think was a while ago when they announced one of the newest JIT engines.
I recall something similar statement and I think it was from the YJIT team, they suggested that more and more people write pure Ruby rather than using C extensions because the YJIT compiler cannot see C code, it's like a black box to it, so it cannot optimize it further. Which means that in practical examples, YJIT has been able to optimize pure Ruby code to the extent that it in some cases not only beat the C extension but also surpassed it
More Ruby code means more room for optimizations that the team can identify and add to the compiler
I don't recall exactly where I read it, but I think was a while ago when they announced one of the newest JIT engines.