[jemmyw]

For the resources you've listed we're nowhere near extracting just the known reserves. For lithium there are a lot of known sources that aren't included in the reserves because they haven't been assessed yet.

And if we did extract the majority of those particular resources then there would be so much of them in circulation that wide scale recycling becomes viable. It already is for copper. And if you're thinking then that recycling is going to be more energy intensive, that's not clear for copper and lithium either - both require high energy to extract in the first place and potentially less to keep them going around.