[dharmatech]

Alan Kay in 1997:

> I really would like you to contrast that with what you have to do with HTML on the Internet. Think about it. HTML on the Internet has gone back to the dark ages because it presupposes that there should be a browser that should understand its formats. This has to be one of the worst ideas since MS-DOS. [Laughter] This is really a shame. It's maybe what happens when physicists decide to play with computers, I'm not sure. [Laughter] In fact, we can see what's happend to the Internet now, is that it is gradually getting—There are two wars going on. There's a set of browser wars which are 100 percent irrelevant. They're basically an attempt, either at demonstrating a non-understanding of how to build complex systems, or an even cruder attempt simply to gather territory. I suspect Microsoft is in the latter camp here. You don't need a browser, if you followed what this Staff Sergeant in the Air Force knew how to do in 1961. You just read it in. It should travel with all the things that it needs, and you don't need anything more complex than something like X Windows. Hopefully better. But basically, you want to be able to distribute all of the knowledge of all the things that are there, and in fact, the Internet is starting to move in that direction as people discover ever more complex HTML formats, ever more intractable. This is one of these mistakes that has been recapitulated every generation. It's just simply not the way to do it.

[MrJohz]

And yet in the nearly thirty years since he said that, the browser has come to dominate how people interact with UIs. Both in terms of sheer popularity (not only do we have complex applications on the web, but we also package complex applications with browsers as desktop applications) as well as influence (SwiftUI, Flutter, and Jetpack Compose all borrow heavily from frameworks developed primarily for the web).

I think a lot of this has to do with the idea that Kay is criticising here: HTML as a mechanism for building applications has been so successful because it needs to be interpreted by a browser. That provides a tremendous level of sandboxing that makes it a lot easier to trust whatever website you're loading than the application you're installing. It also provides a grab-bag of useful controls and elements, while still being completely flexible with creating new ones without needing to resort to OOP inheritance chains or raw graphics drawing APIs. This is all to say nothing of accessibility, which is practically built into the browser.