[ars]

> How do you look at a quote stating explicitly that action at a distance is, by definition, instantaneous,

I clicked to the Wikipedia article, I did not see this quote.

> And how has the gravitational attraction of your hand gone more than 200 light years from Earth?

My hand is made of mass collected on earth. Those atoms have been rearranged into the shape of my hand, but their gravity has existed since the beginning of the universe, just in difference shapes.

[thaumasiotes]

> I clicked to the Wikipedia article, I did not see this quote.

No need to go to that much effort; I pulled that quote in my comment.

>> This is an alternative to the concept of instantaneous, or "non-local" action at a distance.

> My hand is made of mass collected on earth. Those atoms have been rearranged into the shape of my hand, but their gravity has existed since the beginning of the universe, just in difference shapes.

So, as you acknowledge, zero information about your hand has gone much distance from the earth. Someone 1000 light years away who could resolve gravitational information into an image with perfect detail wouldn't be able to perceive your hand, you, or anything related.

Because gravity isn't a non-local force.

[ars]

>> This is an alternative to the concept of instantaneous, or "non-local" action at a distance.

Notice the word "alternative", instantaneous action at a distance is a concept that was suggested at one point in the development of physics and discarded once relativity was figured out. Action at a distance these days is always at the speed of light.

> So, as you acknowledge, zero information about your hand has gone much distance from the earth.

No, not zero. All the gravity from the atoms in my hand is already out there.

> Someone 1000 light years away who could resolve gravitational information into an image with perfect detail wouldn't be able to perceive your hand, you, or anything related.

Correct, they would see the location of the atoms that make up my hand today, as those atoms looked 1000 years ago. (Probably in plants, and water.)

But remember: They do see the gravity from those atoms!!! Meaning the gravitational force my hand exerts, already exists 1000 years away, just in a different shape.

> Because gravity isn't a non-local force.

Are you saying gravity is a local force? Because that's not true.