[defrost]

There's also what's called an electric smelt furnace, that has a couple of variations, currently being trialed by two global scale producers at bigger than MIT lab scale, but less than production:

ESF- https://www.energyinnovation.net.au/article/the-electric-sme...

Fortescue- https://metals.fortescue.com/en/our-projects/green-metal-pro...

BlueScope, BHP and Rio Tinto- https://www.riotinto.com/en/news/releases/2024/bluescope-bhp...