Khaki for me as an Indian is used to mean the color of police uniforms here. We call them Khakis. It's a dusky brown color. Except that and bungees, I'm not familiar with the other words
Not even solely the army. pyjamas, dekko, dungarees, gymkhana, bangle, pundit, verandah. The list goes on and on. India has been a large source of loanwords over the centuries.
The British Army uses a bazillion Indian words.
Khaki for pale tan. I think it means dust in Urdu?
Basha for your shelter of a tarpaulin usually suspended from a bush by...
Bungees - stretchy rubber ropes with hooks at the end.
Pukka - proper, the real deal. (Although nowadays good kit is referred to as Gucci)
Dumdums - bullets cut at the tip so they break up on impact. Named after the arms factory at Dumdum.