[jbiason]

Brazil have something like that: Up to 4 children, you get about 1/4 of the minimum pay from the government for each. There are some caveats, though: The children must be in school, they can't fail a year, children which reach adult age (18) do not count/get paid for anymore, and the family monthly salary can't exceed about 75% of the minimum pay[1] to be eligible.

While this somewhat help lower paid families, we still have a huge number of men that just leave their families once kids appears and leave a single mother to raise the kids -- which have their own issues.

[1] I may be a bit off in the values, but you get the idea.