This overview also shows other requirements you may have missed: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/email-and-cloud-threats/g...
As for DMARC in the headers, I'm pretty sure Google has done that for years when DMARC is being checked (i.e. when it's being offered by the sending domain).
(and yes, this was supposed to be enforced last year)
(and yes, this was supposed to be enforced last year)