[joemi]

I don't know why you'd think it'd be several hundred more years before communication could be done. If they can both observe each other, then all that's left is to devise a way to signal back visually. Seeing proof of one's neighbors would definitely drive people to develop ways to communicate, though I guess both planets would need to be similarly driven in order to establish communication.

[jodrellblank]

Galileo was observing Venus in 1610; his telescope was enough to see the phases of Venus but probably not high resolution or quality enough to see someone waving Semaphore flags or lighting a bonfire. Astronauts in Low Earth Orbit can't see the Great Wall of China with the naked eye.

What scale of 'device a way to signal back visually' could done with 1600's era manufacturing and technology?

[joemi]

I'm basing what I said on the comment I was replying to which said that they _already_ figured out that they have neighbors. Given the level of scientific understanding in the 1600s, it seems highly likely that they'd have to have pretty definitive visual proof in order to know they have neighbors, which implies they can see at least some of what's going on over on the other planet. While you're right that they probably wouldn't be able to see someONE waving semaphore flags or lighting A bonfire, there must be a way to have multiple someones doing such in sync so that it'd be visible. Or more likely, a system of simple machines arranged in an array, with the ability to show either a white or black stretch of fabric. It probably wouldn't need to cover the entire area between machines.

I'll admit, it'd take a lot of effort/money to communicate and it'd be pretty slow, but it's not impossible to happen just decades (or perhaps even within a decade) of when its figured out that they had neighbors. Not hundreds of years.

[kjkjadksj]

One might ask how often they have a deer or a crow attempt to make contact with them. That is the expectation for other life out there, not that they’d be exactly like ourselves but perhaps more like most other life we have observed thus far.

[joemi]

I based my comment on the one that said "2 planets with intelligent lifeforms would've developed culturally and politically... if both civilizations grew at the same rate, 2 Galileos would've looked at the other planet and figured out "we have neighbors!"" I think that's quite a different situation than a deer or a crow attempting to make contact. It seems likely that if scientist in the 1600s were to figure out that there's life on the other planet, they're realize that the best way they could communicate would be visually. Then it would just be a matter of devising a large enough way to signal visually.