How would a typing system know if the right type is `int` or `Optional[int]` or `Union[int, str]` or something else? The only right thing is to type the argument as `Any` in the absence of a type declaration.
The typing system should use the most specific valid type, and the code author can broaden it with explicit typing if needed. No good typing system should ever infer a variable as `Any`: "I don’t know the type of this" (`unknown` in TypeScript) is not the same thing as "This function accepts anything". Conflating these things is one of the main reasons why Mypy is so annoying.
A typing system should only infer things that it knows are true, it should never invent restrictions. In a language like Python that is duck-typed, `Any` is the only reasonable choice in the absence of other real constraints like a type-annotation.