This is basically the DRM wars again. Those who have vested interests in mass crawling will have the resources to blast through anything, while the legit users get subjected to more and more draconian measures.
CAPTCHAs don't need JS, nor does asking a question that an LLM can't answer but a human can.
Proof-of-work selects for those with the computing power and resources to do it. Bitcoin and all the other cryptocurrencies show what happens when you place value on that.