[philsnow]

The idea has also been around for at least 15 years; "ensemble learning" was a topic in my "Data Mining" textbook from around then.

Meta calls these individually smaller/weaker models "experts" but I've also heard them referred to as "bozos", because each is not particularly good at anything and it's only together that they are useful. Also bozos has better alliteration with boosting and bagging, two terms that are commonly used in ensemble learning.

[lordswork]

MOE as an idea specific to neural networks has been around since 1991[1] . OP is probably aware, but adding for others following along, while MoE has roots in ensembling, there are some important differences: Traditional ensembles run all models in parallel and combine their outputs, whereas MoE uses a gating mechanism to activate only a subset of experts per input. This enables efficient scaling via conditional computation and expert specialization, rather than redundancy.

[1]:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6797059