[jchw]

I misunderstood, I thought the subdomain was an R2 bucket. If it's just normal Cloudflare proxying to some backend this is probably the most likely answer.

That said, while I think it's not the case here, using Cloudflare doesn't mean the underlying host is accessible, as even on the free tier you can use Cloudflare Tunnels, which I often do.

[ratg13]

they only state they are using cloudflare for DNS, they didn't say if they were proxying the connection

[jchw]

Also a valid point. I guess without more details all we can really do is speculate about the exact setup. That said, I do now agree that the most likely answer is "the underlying host was accessible and caught by an IPv4 scanner" since well, that's pretty much what it says anyway.