[wpollock]

I agree, and I think the OP does as well. Really, the Executor framework used here was to blame by not setting the uncaught exception handler to catch and propagate those exceptions by default.

But having shared, mutable state without locks or other protection should never have passed code review in the first place. I would look at that commit to try to determine how it happened, then try to change the team's processes to prevent that.

[necovek]

Most commonly you would have a non-concurrent use of TreeMap, and then for performance reasons, someone else would come in and introduce threads in a couple of places, without ensuring that all data access (esp write) is properly guarded.

The way people structure code, it might even be non-obvious that there's a use of something like TreeMap, as it will be abstracted away into "addNode" method.

Still a red flag, since the process when introducing threads should be "ensure data structures allow for concurrent write and read, or guard them otherwise", but when the task says "performance improvement" and one's got 14x or 28x improvement already, one might skip that other "bit" due to sheer enthusiasm.