It's "Ctrl-Shift-R twice". Hit it, wait a few moments for the page to start reloading, then hit it again.
Otherwise it doesn't reload everything. Verify this by watching the Developer Console's Network section. I can only assume this is intentional; my coworkers told me this trick last year and it still seems to be the case.
From watching the developer tools network tab it looked like Chrome respects Ctrl+F5, but I've also had the nagging feeling that two refreshes are sometimes necessary, and I've made that a habit when testing changes. I thought I was just being silly though. Would a browser really ignore Ctrl+F5 in the name of speed? That doesn't seem logical to me.
Even then I find Chrome still caches. I've gotten in the habit of doing cmnd-shift-delete, which takes you straight to the clear cache settings. Sadly the equivalent command in Windows (Ctrl-shift-delete) does not work.
I still feel Chrome is the best browser, but that's more to do with the lousy competition than Chrome's own quality as of late.
Try the new safari. I've been a Chrome user for quite some time, since the retine MBP I'm forced to use safari (for retina support). Since ML it has actually become quite pleasant I have to say. I don't see any clear advantages of chrome anymore in terms of functionality (I still like its interface better though).
The new Safari does look nice at initial glance. What worries me about it is WebGL is not enabled by default, and its JS engine is much slower than Chrome's. I mostly do WebGL game dev for my personal projects, and so I don't support Safari (since I can't expect people to have turned WebGL on).
It isn't? That's strange. Why would they do that, security reasons?
About JS performance: Might be important to you as a gamedev, but for the overwhelming majority of today's web apps this shouldn't be an issue anymore.
That being said, I will probably still switch back to chrome when they get retina support. The interface is just cleaner and it has more intuitive developer tools IMO (safari's are more powerful, but chrome's do have everything I need and are easier to navigate).
Otherwise it doesn't reload everything. Verify this by watching the Developer Console's Network section. I can only assume this is intentional; my coworkers told me this trick last year and it still seems to be the case.