[dhimes]

I was under the impression that * expanded to all things not starting with a dot in all directories-- or better: in each directory that -R dictates. I understand that "* tells it what types of files," isn't correct, but I don't understand what you mean by "plays no further part in the descent."

[akkartik]

  $ mkdir x
  $ cd x
  $ echo aa > .y
  $ mkdir y
  $ echo aa > y/z
  $ echo aa > y/.z
  $ grep -r a *
  y/.z:aa
  y/z:aa

Notice that hidden files in the top-level (.y) don't show up, but those in subdirectories (y/.z) do.

It's kind of a gotcha. Fortunately one rarely finds dotfiles in subdirs.

[dhimes]

holy crap - I didn't realize this. Thanks!

[ralph]

What do you think is doing the expansion of the asterisk? It's the shell, not grep, and is called globbing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globbing

The reason there are files that start with a dot is that ls(1) and globs starting with an asterisk ignore them by default. ls needs -a (all) to show them. Some shells, but not bash, provide a globbing syntax for the recursive expansion you think you require here.

But if, as normal, you want to grep recursively down from the current directory then that's what you should specify; just pass grep one path to search, dot, the current directory.

    grep -r foo .

This is very basic knowledge of the Unix command line for a programmer and I highly recommend the classic text _The Unix Programming Environment_ by Kernighan and Pike to learn the philosophy behind Unix. It has nothing on window systems, ssh, etc., nor should it have as that's modern-day noise that hides the essence. It and Kernighan and Ritchie's _The C Programming Language_ were the key books every starting-out Unix programmer read. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/013937681X/mqq-20

[noselasd]

just run echo * in your directory. That's the same argument grep will get(instead of the * ) when you pass it * .

grep will run through all those files, if any, and recurse through all the directories, if any. grep recursing down a directory will process all the files/subdirs in that directory. (which includes . files).

If the shell can't expand the * , grep will receive a literal * and try to open a file/directory named * .

[ralph]

Personally, I `shopt -s failglob' in my .bashrc so any glob that fails to expand is treated as an error by the shell and the command never gets started. I then quote all special globbing characters that I intend to pass to the command as it avoids the sometimes hard to spot errors where a glob expanded unintentionally and the command didn't see the wildcards. Relying on non-matching globbing to reach the command will bite one day.