A singleton object can encapsulate the global state, converting global variables to private fields. How would this be different? Because a counter singleton can for example disallow directly setting the count field, only allowing the count to be incremented through a method.
Yes good point. The module/unit acts as the singleton instance, in a sense, though that might be the incorrect way to put it.
In any case, I think variables that are “global” but encapsulated in this way lose the potential for harm we associate with a global variable the whole program may be directly reading and writing.