[mongol]

I don't think I have ever seen anything described as fascism if it happened before the 20th century. Mussolini seems to have coined the word and it described his regime and later ones. But even if the characteristics match also earlier regimes, I have not seen the word used. For example, was Napoleon fascist? Was Caesar fascist? Never heard it elaborated on.

[digdugdirk]

Sparta is generally held to be the fascist 'ideal' of a state, so the roots do go back. It's an interesting question though, and I'm not sure what technically defines the boundary.

[antifa]

You could say what the fascists want is a post-industrial era caricature of Spartan society.