The AWS SDK supports supplying credentials based on environment variables. When on my workstation I set AWS_PROFILE to select what profile I'm using, prior to running Terraform. This is then portable to CI where we may be using something like https://github.com/aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials to assume a role rather than using a pre-configured CLI profile.
But then you still need to either need to have something to sync the aws configuration among developers for all the accounts, or all developers will have to configure the aws config themselves, which isn't very scalable when you have more than a couple accounts you need to deal with.