[zoot64]

Kotlin is compiled in the sense that it compiles down to bytecode read by the JVM. It's not machine code level but it is still compiled to a certain degree. And Kotlin can compile natively for multiple targets including macOS and iOS without need for the JVM. There's also WASM support too.

[pmarreck]

Did not know about non-JVM compilation. Does it include the JVM as part of the binary then? Links?