[idlewords]

No, that's not true. Back of the envelope estimates for New Glenn's launch tonight give a thrust to weight ratio of 1.2.

For the Space Shuttle, t/w at launch was 1.5, the same is true for Falcon and Starship. Delta Heavy was around 1.3. Saturn V was 1.2. None of this has anything to do with optimizing the trajectory.

[marze]

Historic rockets around 1.2, including Shuttle, check your numbers. Starship is not a "historic rocket". It and Falcon 9 fly a trajectory that is optimized for something else, not max payload for a set first stage thrust.

[idlewords]

The shuttle stack weighted 4.5 million lbs at takeoff and had a total thrust of about 6.8 million lbf, giving a thrust to weight ratio of 1.5.

[marze]

That is incorrect. Shuttle liftoff thrust was 5.7 million pounds, giving a ratio of 1.25.

At liftoff, each SRB produces 2.65 million pounds thrust [1]. Using Wikipedia numbers instead (2.8 million pounds for SRB thrust at liftoff [2]) gives a liftoff thrust to weight ratio of 1.33. The 3xSME produce 0.4 million pounds thrust at liftoff. The SRB thrust did increase as the burn progressed, then ramped down for max Q.

People are accustomed to SpaceX rockets rapid acceleration, since they conduct most launches these days, but historic rockets (and New Glenn) accelerated more slowly off the pad.

[1] https://www.nasa.gov/reference/the-space-shuttle/

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Boo...

[idlewords]

Your math is wrong (you left out two of the main engines):

1) SSME thrust is 418k lbf. The shuttle has three engines, so 1.25M lbf

2) SRB is 2.65 M lbf. Two boosters give 5.3M lbf.

3) That sums up to 6.6M lbf

4) Shuttle weighs 4.4 million lbs.

5) That works out to a 1.5 thrust-to-weight ratio at sea level launch.

If you still don't believe, watch a Shuttle launch and time how long it takes to clear the tower. You'll get the same answer (vertical acceleration at about 1.5g)

[marze]

Oops, you're right!

So legacy launch vehicles with the exception of Shuttle lift of leisurely.

[echoangle]

This SE answer also calculates shuttle liftoff TWR to around 1.5:

https://space.stackexchange.com/a/58800