Maybe try changing the user agent? I can use Google on my Kindle's web browser and that can barely handle Javascript (though the Kindle does do limited execution)
I have tried spoofing the user agent. No effect. It seems to be if the browser is new enough then if JS is turned off it blocks you. But if you use a really old browser (~2015 Firefox) that doesn't support modern stuff it still allows non-JS search. I think they must have the server looking at HTTP header or fingerprinting or something. I don't think they could do the redirect based on CSS or HTML5 support without JS being run.
I believe they're doing a meta-tag redirect (possibly inside a noscript tag?) in at least some cases. Source: I'm developing a web engine that doesn't have JS support.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Google Search</title>...</head>
<body>
<noscript>
<meta content="0;url=/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=..." http-equiv="refresh">
<div style="display:block">Please click <a href="/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=...">here</a> if you are not redirected within a few seconds.</div>
</noscript>...
<noscript><meta content="0;url=/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=a3qIZ42cGcvcp84P5p_mwQI" http-equiv="refresh"><style>table,div,span,p{display:none}</style><div style="display:block">Please click <a href="/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=a3qIZ42cGcvcp84P5p_mwQI">here</a> if you are not redirected within a few seconds.</div></noscript></header>
That depends. It works on setups where google still gives you the old html results but not one setups where it sends you to the js application. So on 3 out of 5 of my desktop setups it works. On the ones where, for some reason, google only sends me to the JS app, it doesn't work like you suggest, or, it does, but I'm just left looking at a blank page.