[wizzard0]

this is an important reminder that all digital electronics is really analog but with good correction circuitry.

and run-time cpu and memory error rates are always nonzero too, though orders of magnitude lower than chip yield rates

[nine_k]

CPUs may be very digital inside, but DRAM and flash memory are highly analog, especially MLC flash. DDR4 even has a dedicated training mode [1], during which DRAM and the memory controller learn the quirks of particular data lines and adjust to them, in order to communicate reliably.

[1]: https://www.systemverilog.io/design/ddr4-initialization-and-...