That "WebGPU: Disabled" can be anything from "Chrome considers the driver too buggy to enable WebGPU on by default for users" to "Chrome doesn't support that GPU/OS/Driver combo for WebGPU at all". You can try force enabling some various GPU flags in chrome://flags/ but whether that's successful will depend on the particular setup.
Until that switches from "Disabled", no WebGPU content or demos will load in your Chrome instance.
You can see overall user support https://web3dsurvey.com/webgpu. Particularly Safari on iOS/macOS and most browsers on Linux are still yet to start rolling out support by default.
You don't need a dedicated graphics processing unit to display video from a computer! Back before GPUs were even a thing the framebuffer would just be a region of memory and the video controller would turn that into a signal. Nowadays the latter is assumed to be integrated with the GPU because "who wouldn't need dedicated graphics processing in a desktop"?