Ideally it would be possible to calculate the economic 2nd and 3rd order effects of commercial activity in order to price in externalities.
In practice the example I like to use is soil loss. Farming isn't sustainable because the soil literally blows and washes away and cannot be regenerated. The solution is to have forest patches to reduce the wind speed and marshes to hold the rain. All of this takes valuable land which cannot be used 'productively' but is vital to make agriculture sustainable.
It’s lucky when you can get the sign right on the first-order effects. Predicting 2nd order effects accurately enough to price them is economic voodoo.
He's pointing out that meat packing consolidated into a cartel (Tyson, JBS, Smithfield and Cargill), which has enough economic power to ignore or alter regulation. The solution is antitrust - break corporate power into small enough pieces that they don't have the resources to escape regulatory oversight.
That's absolutely part of it. Animals that are kept close together in cages and barns instead of roaming get sick and spread sickness far more quickly as well. We've created a million dangerous biolabs for diseases with biosimilarity to us.
In practice the example I like to use is soil loss. Farming isn't sustainable because the soil literally blows and washes away and cannot be regenerated. The solution is to have forest patches to reduce the wind speed and marshes to hold the rain. All of this takes valuable land which cannot be used 'productively' but is vital to make agriculture sustainable.